Severe bleeding demands immediate, uncompromising action: firm direct pressure, deep wound packing with gauze, then a properly placed tourniquet high and tight if needed. Note the time. Reassess for hidden bleeding. Keep the person warm and calm. Practice one‑handed techniques. Improvised tourniquets often fail; carry a purpose‑built device and know how it feels when applied correctly.
Open the airway, support breathing, and scan for life‑threats. If vomiting or decreased consciousness appears, use the recovery position. Treat shock with gentle positioning, insulation, and reassurance. Hypothermia hides behind mild shivering; strip wet layers, add heat, and protect from wind. If chest pain, breathing distress, or altered mental status persists, activate rescue early rather than hoping it fades.
Hot spots become blisters if ignored; stop early, pad and offload pressure. Sun, wind, and altitude dehydrate faster than you expect; sip steadily and include salts. For nausea, try rest, warmth, gentle fluids, and ginger candies. Carry sting relief, tick tools, and a small irrigation syringe. Many trips are saved by humble tape, patience, and a ten‑minute break.
Tell rescuers who you are, where you are, what happened, and what you need. Include coordinates and how long you can safely stay. Keep updates brief and scheduled. Prewrite a template message. Use UTM or lat/long consistently. what3words can help but verify with a map. Information beats emotion when batteries and attention are limited in stressful moments.
Carry a pea‑less whistle and know the universal three‑blast call. A small signal mirror throws astonishing light toward aircraft or distant ridges; practice aiming. At night, a headlamp on strobe draws attention while conserving power. Lay out high‑contrast ground‑to‑air symbols. Avoid fire signals in dry seasons. Redundancy matters—tiny, lightweight tools turn visibility into rapid, confident assistance.
If injuries are stable and terrain is known, a slow, supported walk toward easier extraction may beat waiting in worsening weather. If in doubt, shelter in place, insulate, and make yourself big and obvious. Set a decision timer to reassess risks. Food, water, and warmth extend options. Pride is fragile; patience saves weekends and keeps stories joyfully retellable.
Hide a waypoint in a local park and navigate by bearings and pacing. Time a loop at a steady heart rate. Race to set up a bright shelter with gloves on. Build a fire in damp conditions using only what you carry. Celebrate small wins. Fun repetition cements skills, and confidence grows long before the trailhead morning arrives.
Sign up for Wilderness First Aid, CPR, or a navigation clinic, then debrief together over coffee. Skills fade without practice; a partner keeps you honest and curious. Instructors compress years of trial into hours of learning. Local clubs and search‑and‑rescue speakers often share practical insights. Invite newer hikers and pass it forward; generosity multiplies safety and joy.